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NeoReviews Vol.10 No.5 2009 e230
© 2009 American Academy of Pediatrics
* Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
Alcohol is the most common teratogen. Its actions have significant physical and neurodevelopmental consequences on a developing fetus that result in substantial expenditures for the health-care system. This review examines the epidemiology of alcohol-exposed pregnancies as well as the myriad obstacles endured by affected infants. Methods of alcohol detection and mechanisms of the deleterious effects of alcohol on the fetus also are discussed. This review also elaborates both sides of the controversial issue of whether there is a "safe" level of alcohol exposure for a developing fetus.
Abbreviations: FAEE(s): fatty acid ethyl ester(s) FAS: fetal alcohol syndrome FASD: fetal alcohol spectrum disorder NO: nitric oxide SGA: small for gestational age Shh: sonic hedgehog
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