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 Vol. 8 No. 11, November 2007
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NeoReviews Vol.8 No.11 2007 e467
© 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics

Evidence-based Practices to Promote Exclusive Feeding of Human Milk in Very Low-birthweight Infants

Paula P. Meier, RN, DNSc*
Janet L. Engstrom, RN, PhD, CNM{dagger}

* Director for Clinical Research and Lactation, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
{dagger} Professor and Chair of Women’s and Children’s Health Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill

Recent studies suggest a dose-response relationship between the amount of fortified human milk (FHM) received by very low-birthweight and extremely low-birthweight infants and protection from select prematurity-specific morbidities. However, the feeding of high doses of FHM in this population often is precluded by insufficient maternal milk volume and the replacement of FHM feedings with calorie-dense infant formulas to achieve adequate weight gain. This article reviews the evidence for preventing, diagnosing, and treating insufficient maternal milk volume and slow infant weight gain while receiving FHM and highlights the utility of incorporating technologies from human milk science, such as maternal milk volume records and the creamatocrit procedure, into routine neonatal intensive care unit practice.


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Copyright © 2007 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.