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 Vol. 8 No. 4, April 2007
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NeoReviews Vol.8 No.4 2007 e159
© 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics

Copper in Extremely Low-birthweight or Very Preterm Infants

Ed Giles, MB, MRCPCH*
Lex W. Doyle, MD, FRACP*,{dagger}

* Division of Newborn Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Austrialia
{dagger} Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia

The increasing survival of extremely low-birthweight or very preterm infants increases the importance of understanding micronutrient needs. Most fetal accretion of copper occurs in the third trimester, when liver stores are laid down, putting very preterm babies at risk of clinical deficiency. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations seem to have no relationship to intake, and reference ranges are poor and of little value. Copper deficiency is a well-described condition characterized primarily by anemia, neutropenia, and osteoporosis. There is some guidance and recommendations for copper requirements in parenteral and enteral nutrition with either human or formula milk. There are no case reports of copper deficiency in babies of any gestation fed appropriate milk.


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Copyright © 2007 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.