Maternal Mental Health in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a highly charged, stressful environment for parents and staff. In addition to preexisting parental problems such as drug abuse, personality disorders, or anxiety (which may be exacerbated), the postpartum period presents elevated risks of depression and psychosis. Maternal symptoms not only may affect the mother, but they may affect bonding with her infant and the infant's long-term development. Maternal mental health issues also may affect the mother's ability to participate in her infant's care and her relationships with NICU staff. Knowledgeable, empathic multidisciplinary team members can communicate more effectively with parents suffering from mental health issues. Appropriate boundaries should be set, and referrals to psychiatry made where necessary.