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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Core Concepts: Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Andrew Whitelaw
NeoReviews February 2011, 12 (2) e94-e101; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.12-2-e94
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Abstract

The very preterm infant is uniquely vulnerable to bleeding into the cerebral ventricles because of the numerous but unsupported blood vessels in the subependymal germinal matrix and unstable blood pressure and flow resulting from preterm delivery and respiratory distress. Approximately 25% of infants whose birthweights are 500 to 1,500 g have some intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Even a small IVH is associated with an increased risk of disability. A large IVH is sometimes complicated by hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction (also known as grade 4 IVH), which is believed to arise when venous occlusion from hematoma impairs perfusion in periventricular white matter. Large unilateral infarctions are usually associated with contralateral hemiparesis, but cognitive function may be less impaired. Prenatal glucocorticoid therapy reduces IVH by nearly 50% in randomized trials. Postnatal indomethacin reduces IVH, but reduced disability has not been consistently documented.

  • Copyright © 2011 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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NeoReviews
Vol. 12, Issue 2
1 Feb 2011
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Core Concepts: Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Andrew Whitelaw
NeoReviews Feb 2011, 12 (2) e94-e101; DOI: 10.1542/neo.12-2-e94

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Core Concepts: Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Andrew Whitelaw
NeoReviews Feb 2011, 12 (2) e94-e101; DOI: 10.1542/neo.12-2-e94
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Objectives
    • Anatomy and Pathophysiology of IVH
    • Clinical Signs
    • Diagnosis
    • Epidemiology
    • Incidence
    • Prognosis
    • Parenchymal Hemorrhagic Infarction (PHI) (Grade 4 IVH)
    • Prenatal Preventive Interventions
    • Postnatal Preventive Interventions
    • Immediate Treatment after IVH
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Related Articles

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Cited By...

  • Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Neonate
  • Periventricular/Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Meta-analysis
  • Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Germinal Matrix Induces Neurovascular Proteases and Intraventricular Hemorrhage
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Updated Guidance: Prevention and Management of Perinatal Group B Streptococcus Infection
  • Neonatal Encephalopathy: Beyond Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
  • Perinatal Stroke: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Management
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