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Abstract
The transitional physiology during the perinatal period facilitates adaptation from fetal to neonatal life and allows the gastrointestinal tract to assume essential postnatal functions. Intrinsic hemodynamic control in the developing intestines matures as a function of postnatal age. Immature vascular regulation in the newborn gastrointestinal tract is offset by an enhanced ability to extract oxygen from blood, and to some extent by increases in intestinal perfusion. Vasodilatation in the neonatal intestine is near maximal. Therefore, additional stressors particularly during the postprandial period increase the risk of mismatches in the oxygen supply to demand ratio, potentially predisposing intestinal tissue to hypoxia and ischemic injury.
- CF;
- control-fed
- ET-1;
- endothelin-1
- GI;
- gastrointestinal
- HF;
- hypoxemic-fed
- HNF;
- hypoxemic nonfed
- NEC;
- necrotizing enterocolitis
- NO;
- nitric oxide
- RBC;
- red blood cell
- SMA;
- superior mesenteric artery
- Copyright © 2013 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
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- Article
- Abstract
- Learning Objectives
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Development
- Intestinal Blood Flow Regulation
- Intestinal Circulation in the Perinatal Period
- Regulation of Intestinal Perfusion in the Perinatal Period
- Responses to Changes of Oxygen Supply or Demand
- Response to Hypoxia
- Response to Anemia
- Response to Hypotension and Reduced Cardiac Output
- Response to Feeding
- Response to Hypothermia
- Clinical Correlation
- Summary
- Footnotes
- References
- Figures & Data
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- Comments
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