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- AKI:
- acute kidney injury
- APD:
- automated peritoneal dialysis
- CARPEDIEM:
- Cardiac and Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency
- CAVH:
- continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration
- CRRT:
- continuous renal replacement therapy
- CVVH:
- continuous venovenous hemofiltration
- CVVHD:
- continuous venovenous hemodialysis
- CVVHDF:
- continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration
- ECMO:
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- ELBW:
- extremely low birthweight
- HD:
- hemodialysis
- MPD:
- manual peritoneal dialysis
- Nidus:
- Newcastle infant dialysis ultrafiltration system
- PD:
- peritoneal dialysis
- RRT:
- renal replacement therapy
- UF:
- ultrafiltration
- VLBW:
- very low birthweight
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a highly prevalent disease entity in the NICU, affecting nearly one-quarter of critically ill neonates by some reports. Though medical management remains the mainstay in the treatment of AKI, renal replacement therapy (RRT) is indicated when conservative measures are unable to maintain electrolytes, fluid balance, toxins, or waste products within a safe margin. Several modalities of RRT exist for use in neonatal populations, including peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and continuous RRT. It is the aim of this review to introduce each of these RRT modalities, as well as to discuss their technical considerations, benefits, indications, contraindications, and complications.
- Copyright © 2019 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
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