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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Renal Replacement Therapy in Neonates

Benjamin L. Spector and Jason M. Misurac
NeoReviews December 2019, 20 (12) e697-e710; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.20-12-e697
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Benjamin L. Spector
Department of Pediatrics,
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Jason M. Misurac
Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA
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  • Abbreviations:
    AKI:
    acute kidney injury
    APD:
    automated peritoneal dialysis
    CARPEDIEM:
    Cardiac and Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency
    CAVH:
    continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration
    CRRT:
    continuous renal replacement therapy
    CVVH:
    continuous venovenous hemofiltration
    CVVHD:
    continuous venovenous hemodialysis
    CVVHDF:
    continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration
    ECMO:
    extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
    ELBW:
    extremely low birthweight
    HD:
    hemodialysis
    MPD:
    manual peritoneal dialysis
    Nidus:
    Newcastle infant dialysis ultrafiltration system
    PD:
    peritoneal dialysis
    RRT:
    renal replacement therapy
    UF:
    ultrafiltration
    VLBW:
    very low birthweight
  • Abstract

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a highly prevalent disease entity in the NICU, affecting nearly one-quarter of critically ill neonates by some reports. Though medical management remains the mainstay in the treatment of AKI, renal replacement therapy (RRT) is indicated when conservative measures are unable to maintain electrolytes, fluid balance, toxins, or waste products within a safe margin. Several modalities of RRT exist for use in neonatal populations, including peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and continuous RRT. It is the aim of this review to introduce each of these RRT modalities, as well as to discuss their technical considerations, benefits, indications, contraindications, and complications.

    • Copyright © 2019 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
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    NeoReviews
    Vol. 20, Issue 12
    1 Dec 2019
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    Renal Replacement Therapy in Neonates
    Benjamin L. Spector, Jason M. Misurac
    NeoReviews Dec 2019, 20 (12) e697-e710; DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-12-e697

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    Renal Replacement Therapy in Neonates
    Benjamin L. Spector, Jason M. Misurac
    NeoReviews Dec 2019, 20 (12) e697-e710; DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-12-e697
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    • Article
      • Abstract
      • Education Gaps
      • Objectives
      • Introduction
      • Peritoneal Dialysis
      • Hemodialysis
      • Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
      • Summary
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    • The Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Development and Renal Health Outcome
    • Psychosocial Stress and Adversity: Effects from the Perinatal Period to Adulthood
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