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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Antibiotic Resistance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Carina B. Ramirez and Joseph B. Cantey
NeoReviews March 2019, 20 (3) e135-e144; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.20-3-e135
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Carina B. Ramirez
*Division of Neonatology and
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Joseph B. Cantey
*Division of Neonatology and
†Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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  • Abbreviations:
    CDC:
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    ESBL:
    extended-spectrum β-lactamase
    MDRO:
    multidrug-resistant organism
    MRSA:
    methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    VRE:
    vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
  • Abstract

    Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasing problem in the NICU. Ineffective empiric antibiotic therapy is associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Organisms that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents (multidrug-resistant organisms) are particularly problematic. These organisms may be transmitted to infants if infection control practices are not adhered to, or they may be created by antibiotic exposure. Therefore, meticulous infection prevention—including hand hygiene, surveillance cultures, contact precautions, and selective decolonization—and antibiotic stewardship are important strategies to minimize drug resistance in the NICU.

    • Copyright © 2019 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

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    NeoReviews
    Vol. 20, Issue 3
    1 Mar 2019
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    Antibiotic Resistance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
    Carina B. Ramirez, Joseph B. Cantey
    NeoReviews Mar 2019, 20 (3) e135-e144; DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-3-e135

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    Antibiotic Resistance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
    Carina B. Ramirez, Joseph B. Cantey
    NeoReviews Mar 2019, 20 (3) e135-e144; DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-3-e135
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    • Article
      • Abstract
      • Education Gaps
      • Objectives
      • Introduction
      • Mechanisms of Resistance
      • Epidemiology and Transmission
      • Management and Prevention
      • Conclusion
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      • References
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