Skip to main content

Advertising Disclaimer »

Main menu

  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors
    • Author Guidelines
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Complete Issue PDF
    • Archive
    • 20th Anniversary Special Edition
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • Blog
    • Questions from NeoReviews
  • CME/MOC
    • CME Quizzes
    • MOC Claiming
    • NeoReviewsPlus
    • Board Review Study Guide
  • Multimedia
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers
  • Other Publications
    • American Academy of Pediatrics

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Academy of Pediatrics

AAP Gateway

Advanced Search

AAP Logo

  • Log in
  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors
    • Author Guidelines
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Complete Issue PDF
    • Archive
    • 20th Anniversary Special Edition
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • Blog
    • Questions from NeoReviews
  • CME/MOC
    • CME Quizzes
    • MOC Claiming
    • NeoReviewsPlus
    • Board Review Study Guide
  • Multimedia
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers
American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Vaccination of Term and Preterm Infants

Asimenia Angelidou and Ofer Levy
NeoReviews December 2020, 21 (12) e817-e827; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.21-12-e817
Asimenia Angelidou
*Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
†Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
‡Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ofer Levy
†Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
‡Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
§Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments
Loading

This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.

Download PDF
  • Abbreviations:
    AAP:
    American Academy of Pediatrics
    ACIP:
    Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
    BCG:
    Bacille Calmette-Guérin
    CDC:
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    EPI:
    Expanded Program on Immunization
    GMT:
    geometric mean titer
    IPV:
    inactivated poliovirus vaccine
    mOPV:
    monovalent OPV
    OPV:
    oral poliovirus vaccine
    polio:
    poliomyelitis
    TB:
    tuberculosis
    Th:
    T-helper
    TLR:
    toll-like receptor
    WHO:
    World Health Organization
  • Abstract

    Newborns, especially those born preterm, are at high risk for infection. Preterm birth rates appear to be increasing in most countries, with ∼15 million infants born preterm globally each year, corresponding to ∼11% of all deliveries. Importantly, the vulnerability of preterm infants to infection continues beyond the perinatal period, following them throughout childhood and adolescence, highlighting the long-lasting effects of infection on overall health and well-being. Other than access to clean drinking water and proper sewage systems, immunization is the most effective biomedical intervention to reduce early life infection. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of infants discharged on or after 2 months of age from the NICU remains unimmunized or underimmunized at that time. Despite being safe and effective, protective responses to immunization in early life are different from those in older individuals, in part because of the distinct immune system of newborns and young infants. The paradigms of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin, hepatitis B, and polio vaccines, the only immunizations currently routinely administered in the neonatal period, provide evidence that it is feasible to successfully administer vaccines via different routes of delivery; thus, production of sufficient vaccine-induced immunity leads to disease prevention in the newborn. Strategies such as maternal immunization, adjuvantation systems, leveraging trained immunity, and counseling caregivers can be used to enhance vaccine-induced specific and heterologous protection from infection and boost adherence to the recommended immunization schedule.

    • Copyright © 2020 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

    Individual Login

    Log in
    You will be redirected to aap.org to login or to create your account.

    Institutional Login

    via Institution

    You may be able to gain access using your login credentials for your institution. Contact your librarian or administrator if you do not have a username and password.

    Log in through your institution

    If your organization uses OpenAthens, you can log in using your OpenAthens username and password. To check if your institution is supported, please see this list. Contact your library for more details.

    Pay Per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 2 days for US$25.00

    Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article purchase if your access period has not yet expired.

    Offer Reprints

    PreviousNext
    Back to top

    Advertising Disclaimer »

    In this issue

    NeoReviews
    Vol. 21, Issue 12
    1 Dec 2020
    • Table of Contents
    • Table of Contents (PDF)
    • Index by author
    • Complete Issue (PDF)
    View this article with LENS
    PreviousNext
    Email Article

    Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Academy of Pediatrics.

    NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

    Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
    Vaccination of Term and Preterm Infants
    (Your Name) has sent you a message from American Academy of Pediatrics
    (Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Academy of Pediatrics web site.
    CAPTCHA
    This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
    Request Permissions
    Article Alerts
    Log in
    You will be redirected to aap.org to login or to create your account.
    Or Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
    Citation Tools
    Vaccination of Term and Preterm Infants
    Asimenia Angelidou, Ofer Levy
    NeoReviews Dec 2020, 21 (12) e817-e827; DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-12-e817

    Citation Manager Formats

    • BibTeX
    • Bookends
    • EasyBib
    • EndNote (tagged)
    • EndNote 8 (xml)
    • Medlars
    • Mendeley
    • Papers
    • RefWorks Tagged
    • Ref Manager
    • RIS
    • Zotero
    Share
    Vaccination of Term and Preterm Infants
    Asimenia Angelidou, Ofer Levy
    NeoReviews Dec 2020, 21 (12) e817-e827; DOI: 10.1542/neo.21-12-e817
    del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
    Print
    Download PDF
    Insight Alerts
    • Table of Contents

    Jump to section

    • Article
      • Abstract
      • Practice Gaps
      • Objectives
      • Introduction
      • Fetal and Newborn Immune Ontogeny and its Relevance to Early Life Vaccine Responses
      • The Landscape of Infant Vaccination
      • Immunizations Initiated in the Neonatal Period
      • Infant Immunizations Initiated in the Postneonatal Period
      • Vaccine Tolerability in the Preterm Infant
      • Vaccination Strategies to Enhance Protection
      • Conclusions
      • Summary
      • Acknowledgments
      • Footnotes
      • References
    • Figures & Data
    • Info & Metrics
    • Comments

    Related Articles

    • No related articles found.
    • PubMed
    • Google Scholar

    Cited By...

    • No citing articles found.
    • Google Scholar

    More in this TOC Section

    • Protection of the Newborn Through Vaccination in Pregnancy
    • Update on the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Pregnancy
    • Advancing Health Equity by Translating Lessons Learned from NICU Family Visitations During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Show more Articles

    Similar Articles

    • Journal Info
    • Editorial Board
    • Overview
    • Licensing Information
    • Authors/Reviewers
    • Author Guidelines
    • Submit My Manuscript
    • Librarians
    • Institutional Subscriptions
    • Usage Stats
    • Support
    • Contact Us
    • Subscribe
    • Resources
    • Media Kit
    • About
    • NeoReviewsPlus
    • International Access
    • Terms of Use
    • Privacy Statement
    • FAQ
    • AAP.org
    • shopAAP
    • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Instagram
    • Visit American Academy of Pediatrics on Facebook
    • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Twitter
    • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Youtube
    • RSS
    • NeoReviews® and NeoReviewsPlus™ are supported, in part, through an educational grant from Abbott Nutrition, a division of Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
    American Academy of Pediatrics

    © 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics