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- AAO-HNS:
- American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- ASPO:
- American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngologists
- ATS:
- American Thoracic Society
- BPD:
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- HH:
- heated humidifier
- HME:
- heat and moisture exchanger
- IPOG:
- International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group
- PSG:
- polysomnography
- SBS:
- State Behavioral Scale
- SLP:
- speech-language pathologist
- VFSS:
- videofluoroscopic swallow study
Abstract
Approximately half of all pediatric tracheostomies are performed in infants younger than 1 year. Most tracheostomies in patients in the NICU are performed in cases of chronic respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation or upper airway obstruction. With improvements in ventilation and management of long-term intubation, indications for tracheostomy and perioperative management in this population continue to evolve. Evidence-based protocols to guide routine postoperative care, prevent and manage tracheostomy emergencies including accidental decannulation and tube obstruction, and attempt elective decannulation are sparse. Clinician awareness of safe tracheostomy practices and larger, prospective studies in infants are needed to improve clinical care of this vulnerable population.
- Copyright © 2020 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
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