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American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Historical Perspectives

Perinatal Profiles: Dr Julius Hess and His Incubator

Tonse N.K. Raju
NeoReviews October 2006, 7 (10) e509-e510; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.7-10-e509
Tonse N.K. Raju
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Historians trace the beginnings of incubator care to Johann Georg von Ruehl in 1835 at the Imperial Foundling Hospital in St Petersburg, Russia. However, the French obstetrician Stéphane Tarnier (1828–1897) is credited with having conceived the development of “incubators” for preterm infants similar to those used for “brooding hens” (couveuses). Collaborating with an engineer from Paris, he developed an ingenious “thermo-siphon” heating system that circulated hot water between a double-walled metallic cage that could hold two preterm infants comfortably. In 1880, the Tarnier incubators were installed at the Paris Maternity Hospital, which became the world’s first neonatal intensive care unit (ICU).

In 1915, Dr Julius Hess (1876–1955) introduced an electric-heated water-jacketed infant incubator and bed at the Sarah Morris …

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NeoReviews
Vol. 7, Issue 10
1 Oct 2006
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Historical Perspectives
Tonse N.K. Raju
NeoReviews Oct 2006, 7 (10) e509-e510; DOI: 10.1542/neo.7-10-e509

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Historical Perspectives
Tonse N.K. Raju
NeoReviews Oct 2006, 7 (10) e509-e510; DOI: 10.1542/neo.7-10-e509
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